手法を比較

	Metabolic Rift Analysis	Environmental Commodity Chain Analysis
分野	Environmental Sociology	Environmental Sociology
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1999	1994
提唱者	John Bellamy Foster (recovering Karl Marx and Justus von Liebig)	Gary Gereffi (commodity-chain framework); applied to environment by political ecology and ecological economics
種類	Qualitative socio-ecological framework for diagnosing metabolic rupture	Network-tracing pipeline linking consumption to distant environmental impacts
原典	Foster, J. B. (1999). Marx's Theory of Metabolic Rift: Classical Foundations for Environmental Sociology. American Journal of Sociology, 105(2), 366-405.	Gereffi, G. (1994). The Organization of Buyer-Driven Global Commodity Chains: How U.S. Retailers Shape Overseas Production Networks. In G. Gereffi & M. Korzeniewicz (Eds.), Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (pp. 95-122). Greenwood Press. ISBN: 9780313289149
別名	Metabolic Rift Framework, Marxian Ecological Rift Analysis, Social Metabolism Rift Diagnosis, Foster Metabolic Rift Approach	Green Commodity Chain Analysis, Global Value Chain Environmental Analysis, Ecological Commodity Chain Analysis, Follow-the-Thing Environmental Analysis
関連	4	3
概要	Metabolic rift analysis is a Marxian framework in environmental sociology that diagnoses the rupture in the material exchange, or metabolism, between human society and the rest of nature under capitalism. John Bellamy Foster's 1999 American Journal of Sociology article recovered the concept from Karl Marx, who drew on the soil chemist Justus von Liebig to describe how nineteenth-century industrial agriculture broke the nutrient cycle by shipping food and fiber from countryside to city and never returning the soil's elements. Foster argued that this 'irreparable rift in the interdependent process of social metabolism' is a classical foundation for environmental sociology rather than a modern afterthought. In The Ecological Rift (2010), Foster, Clark, and York generalized the idea to the full range of planetary boundaries, showing how the same logic of accumulation that splits town from country also displaces ecological damage across space and time. The analysis treats environmental degradation not as an accident but as a structural consequence of how production is organized for profit. It is a qualitative, historical-materialist pipeline that links political economy to biophysical flows.	Environmental commodity chain analysis applies the global commodity chain (later global value chain) framework, originated by Gary Gereffi, to the question of who bears the ecological costs of production and consumption. Gereffi's insight was that globally dispersed production is organized into chains coordinated by lead firms, and that chains differ in their governance: producer-driven chains are steered by manufacturers, buyer-driven chains by retailers and brand owners who set prices, quality, and standards for their suppliers. Environmental analysts extend this by tracing a commodity from extraction through processing to consumption and attaching environmental loads, such as deforestation, emissions, and water use, to each node. Because the demand and the value capture often sit at the consuming end while the heaviest environmental burdens fall at the producing end, the method makes visible the geographic displacement of ecological costs that underlies global trade.