手法を比較

	メタアナリシス的ランダム化比較試験	Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis
分野	疫学	エビデンス統合
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1976 (Glass coinage of meta-analysis); 1993 (Cochrane Collaboration formalization)	1990s
提唱者	Gene V. Glass (meta-analysis method); Cochrane Collaboration (systematic RCT pooling standards)	Cochrane Collaboration, Pioneered by Stewart & Clarke
種類	Quantitative evidence-synthesis design	Method
原典	Higgins, J. P. T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M. J., & Welch, V. A. (Eds.). (2019). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN: 978-1119536628	Stewart, L. A., Clarke, M. J., & Cochrane IPD Meta-analysis Methods Group. (2015). Practical methodology of meta-analyses (including IPD) of randomised trials reporting time to event data. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(10), MR000027.
別名	meta-analytic RCT, MA-RCT, meta-analysis of RCTs, pooled randomized trial analysis	IPD Meta-Analysis, Participant-Level Data Synthesis, One-Stage Meta-Analysis
関連	3	1
概要	A meta-analytic randomized clinical trial is a formal evidence-synthesis method that identifies, appraises, and statistically combines the results of multiple randomized clinical trials addressing the same clinical question. By pooling trial-level data, it produces a single, more precise estimate of treatment effect and quantifies between-trial heterogeneity, sitting at the apex of the evidence hierarchy for evaluating healthcare interventions.	Individual patient data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) is a systematic synthesis method where researchers obtain and analyze raw data at the patient level from multiple randomized controlled trials, rather than relying on published summary statistics (aggregate data). Pioneered by the Cochrane Collaboration and formalized by Stewart, Clarke, and Riley, IPD-MA is considered the gold standard for evidence synthesis because it enables consistent outcome definition across trials, robust subgroup analysis, and detection of treatment-covariate interactions. Though time-intensive and resource-demanding, IPD-MA provides the most reliable estimates of intervention effects and is preferred for critical clinical decisions, particularly for identifying which patients benefit most from treatment.