手法を比較

	メタアナリティックコホート研究	コホート研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1980s–1990s (formalized practice)	Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s)
提唱者	Developed iteratively through epidemiological meta-analysis literature; Greenland, Berlin, Colditz among key contributors	Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854)
種類	Quantitative synthesis / observational epidemiology	Observational longitudinal study design
原典	Greenland, S., & Longnecker, M. P. (1992). Methods for trend estimation from summarized dose-response data, with applications to meta-analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology, 135(11), 1301-1309.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
別名	cohort meta-analysis, pooled cohort analysis, meta-analysis of cohort studies, prospective cohort meta-analysis	longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study
関連	2	6
概要	A meta-analytic cohort study systematically identifies, appraises, and statistically pools the findings of two or more independent cohort studies addressing the same exposure-outcome relationship. By combining large prospective datasets, it provides more precise risk estimates than any single cohort alone, makes dose-response patterns detectable, and enables subgroup analyses across diverse populations. It is the design of choice when cohort-level evidence exists but individual studies are underpowered or inconsistent.	A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome.