手法を比較

	資材所要量計画	在庫ルーティング
分野	オペレーションズ・マネジメント	オペレーションズ・マネジメント
系統	Machine learning	Machine learning
提唱年	1975	2014
提唱者	Joseph Orlicky	Coelho, L. C., Cordeau, J. F., & Laporte, G.
種類	Material planning algorithm	Optimization problem
原典	Orlicky, J. (1975). Material requirements planning: The new way of life in production and inventory management. New York: McGraw-Hill.	Coelho, L. C., Cordeau, J. F., & Laporte, G. (2014). Thirty years of inventory routing. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 55, 28-67.
別名	MRP, MRP I	IRP, vendor-managed logistics
関連	5	5
概要	Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is a computerized system developed by Joseph Orlicky in the 1970s that calculates material requirements based on master production schedules and bill-of-materials data. MRP determines what materials to buy, how much to order, and when to order them to meet production demand while minimizing inventory carrying costs. It became a foundational technology for manufacturing planning and later evolved into manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems.	The Inventory Routing Problem (IRP) is an optimization problem that jointly determines inventory levels at customer locations, delivery routes, and shipment quantities to minimize total logistics and inventory holding costs. Rather than treating inventory management and vehicle routing as separate decisions, IRP recognizes that they are interdependent: larger shipments reduce routing costs but increase inventory holding costs, and vice versa. IRP is solved using mixed-integer programming, heuristics, and metaheuristics, and is a cornerstone of vendor-managed inventory (VMI) programs.