手法を比較

	マッチドスクリーニング検査評価	スクリーニング検査評価
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1980s–2000s (formalized alongside diagnostic accuracy methodology)	1968 (Wilson-Jungner principles); statistical framework developed 1970s–2000s
提唱者	Methodological synthesis from matched case-control and diagnostic accuracy traditions (Pepe, Zhou, and others)	Wilson & Jungner (WHO criteria, 1968); foundational work by Pepe, Altman, and others in statistical test evaluation
種類	Observational diagnostic study with matched design	Observational diagnostic / epidemiological evaluation design
原典	Pepe, M. S. (2003). The Statistical Evaluation of Medical Tests for Classification and Prediction. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0198509844	Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G. (1968). Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. World Health Organization. Public Health Papers No. 34.
別名	matched diagnostic accuracy study, paired screening evaluation, matched-pair test performance study, matched screening assessment	screening study, screening performance evaluation, screening accuracy assessment, STE
関連	6	6
概要	Matched screening test evaluation assesses the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of a screening or diagnostic test using a matched design, in which disease-positive cases are paired with one or more disease-free controls selected to share key characteristics such as age, sex, or clinical setting. Matching controls for confounders before measuring test performance produces more precise and less biased estimates of diagnostic accuracy, and enables direct paired comparisons of competing tests within the same subjects.	Screening test evaluation is a systematic epidemiological approach for assessing whether a test or program can accurately and cost-effectively identify individuals with a condition before symptoms appear. It quantifies diagnostic performance metrics — sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the ROC curve — and evaluates whether a screening program meets established public health criteria for adoption and harm-benefit balance.