手法を比較

	マッチド・ネスト済み症例対照研究	症例対照研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1970s	1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s
提唱者	Mantel (1973), Thomas (1977); formalized by Breslow & Day (1980)	Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s
種類	Observational analytic study design	Observational analytic study design
原典	Rothman, K.J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T.L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641	Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860
別名	matched NCC study, nested case-control with matching, matched risk-set sampling, incidence density matched case-control	case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis
関連	5	6
概要	A matched nested case-control study is an efficient observational design embedded within a defined cohort. When a participant develops the outcome of interest (a case), a small number of controls are sampled from those still at risk at that moment and matched to the case on key variables such as age, sex, or calendar time. This design preserves the temporal structure of the underlying cohort while sharply reducing the cost of exposure measurement.	A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses.