手法を比較

	マッチド診断精度研究	ネステッドケースコントロール研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1990s–2000s (formalised with STARD 2003)	1973–1977
提唱者	Evolved from matched case-control methodology; STARD standards formalised by Bossuyt et al. (2003)	Nathan Mantel (1973); D. C. Thomas (1977 formalization)
種類	Diagnostic / clinical epidemiology study design	Hybrid observational study design
原典	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., Lijmer, J. G., Moher, D., Rennie, D., & de Vet, H. C. W. (2003). Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: The STARD initiative. BMJ, 326(7379), 41–44.	Thomas, D. C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469–491.
別名	matched DAS, paired diagnostic accuracy study, matched test accuracy study, matched sensitivity-specificity study	NCC study, nested CC design, case-control within cohort, density sampling case-control
関連	4	6
概要	A matched diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well an index test correctly identifies a target condition in study participants who have been matched on key characteristics — such as age, sex, or disease severity — to control for confounding. By pairing diseased and non-diseased subjects on relevant factors before administering the test, the design isolates the test's own discriminative performance from variation attributable to imbalanced covariates, yielding cleaner estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and related accuracy measures.	A nested case-control study is an efficient observational design embedded within a defined cohort. For each participant who develops the outcome of interest (a case), a small number of matched controls are sampled from those still at risk at the same point in time. This density-sampling strategy yields odds ratios that approximate incidence-rate ratios from the full cohort at a fraction of the data-collection cost — making it the preferred alternative when measuring exposures for all cohort members would be prohibitively expensive or technically demanding.