手法を比較

	縦断的関係調査	縦断研究
分野	研究デザイン	研究デザイン
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1960s–1980s (formalized in panel and longitudinal survey literature)	Late 19th–early 20th century; methodologically codified through the 20th century
提唱者	Classical survey methodology (Campbell & Stanley, 1963; Kessler & Greenberg, 1981)	No single originator; foundational methodological treatments by Stuart Menard and Judith Singer & John Willett
種類	Non-experimental quantitative design	Quantitative (or mixed) observational research design
原典	Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195152968	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922841
別名	longitudinal correlational survey, prospective relational survey, repeated-measures relational survey, panel relational survey	longitudinal study, longitudinal design, prospective longitudinal study, repeated-measures observational study
関連	3	4
概要	A longitudinal relational survey follows the same sample at two or more time points, collecting structured questionnaire data each wave and examining how the relationships among variables change, strengthen, weaken, or emerge across time. Unlike a cross-sectional relational survey that offers a single snapshot, this design captures temporal dynamics and allows researchers to test whether earlier measurements predict later outcomes, making it valuable for studying development, attitude change, and causal ordering.	Longitudinal research is an observational design in which the same participants, groups, or units are measured repeatedly over an extended period. Rather than capturing a single snapshot, it tracks change, stability, and temporal sequencing of variables — making it the primary non-experimental strategy for studying development, growth, decline, and the unfolding of causal processes across time.