手法を比較

	最小費用経路 / 費用距離解析	GISベース多基準意思決定分析 (GIS-MCDA)
分野	空間分析	空間分析
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1994	2006
提唱者	Edsger Dijkstra (shortest path); GIS cost-surface adaptation	Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis)
種類	Raster cost-surface routing	Spatial multi-criteria suitability/decision analysis
原典	Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik, 1(1), 269–271.	Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726.
別名	cost-distance analysis, accumulated cost surface, least-cost corridor, en düşük maliyetli yol	GIS-MCDM, spatial multi-criteria analysis, GIS-AHP, weighted overlay suitability
関連	3	4
概要	Least-cost path analysis finds the route between two locations that minimizes accumulated travel cost across a landscape, rather than minimizing straight-line distance. By encoding terrain, slope, land cover, and other frictions into a cost surface and accumulating cost outward from a source, it identifies optimal corridors for roads, pipelines, trails, power lines, and wildlife movement — a core raster-GIS technique built on Dijkstra's shortest-path logic.	GIS-MCDA combines the map layers of a geographic information system with multi-criteria decision analysis to produce suitability or priority maps — ranking locations by how well they satisfy several weighted criteria at once. It is the standard framework for spatial decisions such as siting hospitals, solar farms, landfills, or evacuation areas, integrating methods like AHP, TOPSIS, and weighted overlay with spatial data.