手法を比較

	言語識別（LID）	N-gram言語モデル	感情分析	TF-IDF
分野	テキストマイニング	テキストマイニング	テキストマイニング	テキストマイニング
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	—	—	—	1988
提唱者	—	—	—	Salton & Buckley
種類	NLP text-classification task	Statistical language model	NLP text-classification task	Text vectorization / term-weighting scheme
原典	Lui, M. & Baldwin, T. (2012). langid.py: An Off-the-shelf Language Identification Tool. Proceedings of the ACL 2012 System Demonstrations.	Jurafsky, D. & Martin, J.H. (2023). Speech and Language Processing, 3rd ed.	Pang, B. & Lee, L. (2008). Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis. Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval, 2(1-2), 1-135.	Salton, G. & Buckley, C. (1988). Term-weighting approaches in automatic text retrieval. Information Processing & Management, 24(5), 513-523.
別名	language detection, LID, Dil Tanımlama (Language Identification)	n-gram model, statistical language model, N-gram Dil Modeli	opinion mining, polarity detection, duygu analizi	term weighting, tf-idf weighting, TF-IDF Vektörizasyonu
関連	4	4	3	3
概要	Language identification is a natural-language-processing task that automatically detects which language a piece of text is written in. Building on off-the-shelf tools such as langid.py (Lui & Baldwin, 2012) and the efficient classifiers of Joulin et al. (2017), it is widely used to preprocess and filter multilingual data sets.	An n-gram language model is a statistical model that predicts the probability of the next word by looking only at the previous n−1 words. Described in detail by Jurafsky and Martin (Speech and Language Processing), it provides foundational infrastructure for text generation, spelling correction, and speech recognition.	Sentiment analysis, also called opinion mining, is a natural-language-processing task that detects the emotional tone of text — typically classifying it as positive, negative, or neutral. It turns unstructured opinion text into structured, quantifiable polarity signals using one of three families of approaches: sentiment lexicons, trained machine-learning classifiers, or pretrained transformer models.	TF-IDF, introduced by Salton and Buckley (1988), is a term-weighting scheme that scores each word in a document by how often it appears there and how rare it is across the whole collection. It turns raw text into weighted document vectors, giving high weight to terms that are frequent in one document but uncommon elsewhere.