手法を比較

	実験室実験	要因実験
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	17th century (natural science); ~1879 onward (behavioral/social science)	1926–1935
提唱者	Francis Bacon, Robert Boyle (early scientific method); formalized in social science by Wilhelm Wundt (1879 psychology lab) and Ronald A. Fisher (20th-century design principles)	Ronald A. Fisher
種類	Experimental quantitative design	Quantitative experimental design
原典	Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN: 978-0395615560	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.
別名	lab experiment, controlled experiment, true experiment, lab study	factorial design, factorial ANOVA design, multi-factor experiment, crossed-factor design
関連	5	6
概要	A laboratory experiment is a research design in which the investigator systematically manipulates one or more independent variables under tightly controlled conditions, randomly assigns participants to conditions, and measures the effect on dependent variables. By maximizing internal control, the laboratory experiment is the gold standard for establishing cause-and-effect relationships. It is the backbone of experimental psychology, cognitive science, pharmacology, and many social sciences.	A factorial experiment is an experimental design in which two or more independent variables (factors) are manipulated simultaneously, and every combination of their levels is tested. Introduced by Ronald Fisher in the 1920s–1930s, it is the standard approach whenever a researcher needs to detect not only the main effect of each factor but also whether the effect of one factor depends on the level of another — the interaction effect.