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	Kitagawa Decomposition	生命表解析
分野	人口学	人口学
系統	Process / pipeline	Survival analysis
提唱年	1955	1984
提唱者	Evelyn M. Kitagawa	Demographic/actuarial tradition; Chiang
種類	Arithmetic decomposition of a difference between two summary rates	Age-structured mortality estimator
原典	Kitagawa, E. M. (1955). Components of a difference between two rates. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 50(272), 1168–1194.	Chiang, C. L. (1984). The Life Table and Its Applications. Robert E. Krieger Publishing. ISBN: 978-0-89874-565-2
別名	Components-of-difference method, Rate decomposition, Standardization decomposition, Kitagawa Ayrıştırması	Mortality Table, Actuarial Table, Survival Table, Yaşam Tablosu
関連	4	3
概要	Kitagawa decomposition is a demographic technique that splits the difference between two summary rates — such as two crude death rates, birth rates, or prevalence figures — into the part attributable to differences in the underlying group-specific rates and the part attributable to differences in population composition. Introduced by Evelyn Kitagawa in 1955, it answers whether a gap between two populations reflects genuinely different risks or merely a different age (or other) structure.	A life table is a systematic, age-structured summary of the mortality experience of a population. It traces a hypothetical cohort of births — conventionally 100,000 — through successive age intervals, recording how many survive, how many die, and how many person-years are lived at each interval. The method was formalized in its modern probabilistic form by Chiang (1984), synthesizing centuries of actuarial and demographic practice into a rigorous statistical framework applicable to human and biological populations alike.