手法を比較

	項目分析（古典的テスト理論）	因子分析（EFA）
分野	心理測定学	統計学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1979	—
提唱者	Classical Test Theory tradition; foundational texts by Allen & Yen (1979) and Crocker & Algina (1986)	—
種類	Descriptive / psychometric screening	Latent variable / dimension reduction
原典	Allen, M. J. & Yen, W. M. (1979). Introduction to Measurement Theory. Brooks/Cole. ISBN: 978-0818501333	Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C. & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299.
別名	Madde Analizi (Klasik Test Kuramı), CTT item analysis, classical item analysis	common factor analysis, açımlayıcı faktör analizi, factor analysis
関連	5	4
概要	Item analysis is the foundational psychometric procedure for evaluating the quality of individual test or scale items within the Classical Test Theory (CTT) framework, as systematised by Allen and Yen (1979) and Crocker and Algina (1986). It produces an item difficulty index, an item discrimination index, and a distractor analysis for each item, enabling test developers to identify items that are too easy, too hard, or failing to separate high- and low-ability respondents.	Exploratory factor analysis reduces a large set of observed variables into a smaller number of latent common factors. It is widely used in scale development and psychometrics to uncover the dimensional structure that underlies a set of correlated items, without specifying that structure in advance.