手法を比較

	項目分析（古典的テスト理論）	クロンバックのα（信頼性分析）
分野	心理測定学	統計学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1979	1951
提唱者	Classical Test Theory tradition; foundational texts by Allen & Yen (1979) and Crocker & Algina (1986)	Lee J. Cronbach
種類	Descriptive / psychometric screening	Reliability / internal consistency coefficient
原典	Allen, M. J. & Yen, W. M. (1979). Introduction to Measurement Theory. Brooks/Cole. ISBN: 978-0818501333	Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334.
別名	Madde Analizi (Klasik Test Kuramı), CTT item analysis, classical item analysis	coefficient alpha, alpha reliability, internal consistency reliability, Güvenilirlik Analizi (Cronbach Alpha)
関連	5	4
概要	Item analysis is the foundational psychometric procedure for evaluating the quality of individual test or scale items within the Classical Test Theory (CTT) framework, as systematised by Allen and Yen (1979) and Crocker and Algina (1986). It produces an item difficulty index, an item discrimination index, and a distractor analysis for each item, enabling test developers to identify items that are too easy, too hard, or failing to separate high- and low-ability respondents.	Cronbach's alpha is a coefficient of internal consistency that quantifies the degree to which a set of items on a scale measures the same underlying construct. Introduced by Lee J. Cronbach in 1951, it remains the most widely reported reliability index in social-science, health, and educational research.