手法を比較

	項目分析（古典的テスト理論）	確認的因子分析（CFA）
分野	心理測定学	心理測定学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1979	1969
提唱者	Classical Test Theory tradition; foundational texts by Allen & Yen (1979) and Crocker & Algina (1986)	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
種類	Descriptive / psychometric screening	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
原典	Allen, M. J. & Yen, W. M. (1979). Introduction to Measurement Theory. Brooks/Cole. ISBN: 978-0818501333	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
別名	Madde Analizi (Klasik Test Kuramı), CTT item analysis, classical item analysis	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
関連	5	4
概要	Item analysis is the foundational psychometric procedure for evaluating the quality of individual test or scale items within the Classical Test Theory (CTT) framework, as systematised by Allen and Yen (1979) and Crocker and Algina (1986). It produces an item difficulty index, an item discrimination index, and a distractor analysis for each item, enabling test developers to identify items that are too easy, too hard, or failing to separate high- and low-ability respondents.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.