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	内部再構	形態素解析
分野	言語学	テキストマイニング
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1891	1980
提唱者	Henry Heffner Hock	M.F. Porter (Porter stemmer)
種類	Empirical process pipeline	Text-normalisation preprocessing task
原典	Hock, H. H. (1991). Principles of Historical Linguistics (2nd ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.	Porter, M.F. (1980). An Algorithm for Suffix Stripping. Program, 14(3), 130-137.
別名	Interlingual Reconstruction, Diachronic Morphology	stemming, lemmatization, Morfolojik Analiz ve Kök Bulma
関連	3	4
概要	Internal Reconstruction is a historical linguistic method that reconstructs earlier stages of a single language by identifying internal inconsistencies, morphological irregularities, and distributional patterns within the language itself. Unlike the Comparative Method, which relies on comparing related languages, Internal Reconstruction uses evidence from within one language—such as suppletive forms, analogy-induced irregularities, and phonological asymmetries—to infer its historical structure and sound changes. This method is particularly valuable when only one written form of a language survives or when related languages are unavailable.	Morphological analysis splits words into their stems and affixes so that different surface forms of the same word can be treated as one. It covers two complementary approaches — rule-based stemming, such as the Porter (1980) and Snowball algorithms, and dictionary-aware lemmatization — and is a critical text-normalisation step for agglutinative languages such as Turkish and Arabic.