手法を比較

	内部再構	グロットクロノロジー（Glottochronology）
分野	言語学	言語学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1891	1950
提唱者	Henry Heffner Hock	Morris Swadesh
種類	Empirical process pipeline	Empirical process pipeline
原典	Hock, H. H. (1991). Principles of Historical Linguistics (2nd ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.	Swadesh, M. (1950). Salish internal relationships. International Journal of American Linguistics, 16(3), 157-167.
別名	Interlingual Reconstruction, Diachronic Morphology	Lexicostatistics, Glottochronological Dating
関連	3	2
概要	Internal Reconstruction is a historical linguistic method that reconstructs earlier stages of a single language by identifying internal inconsistencies, morphological irregularities, and distributional patterns within the language itself. Unlike the Comparative Method, which relies on comparing related languages, Internal Reconstruction uses evidence from within one language—such as suppletive forms, analogy-induced irregularities, and phonological asymmetries—to infer its historical structure and sound changes. This method is particularly valuable when only one written form of a language survives or when related languages are unavailable.	Glottochronology, or lexicostatistics, is a quantitative method in historical linguistics that estimates the time of divergence between related languages based on the proportion of shared cognates in their basic vocabularies. Developed by Morris Swadesh in 1950, the method assumes that core vocabulary items change at a relatively constant rate over time, allowing linguists to calculate a 'time depth'—how long ago two languages shared a common ancestor. Though controversial due to its restrictive assumptions, glottochronology provides rough temporal estimates when archaeological or written records are unavailable.