手法を比較

	アイデア盗用および概念窃盗	モザイク盗用	言い換え盗用	類似性と盗用：その区別を理解する
分野	研究倫理	研究倫理	研究倫理	研究倫理
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1980s	1990s	1980s	2000s
提唱者	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)	Academic integrity framework (modern definition)	Academic integrity frameworks and plagiarism detection software companies
種類	Concept	Concept	Concept	Concept
原典	Hirsch, L. R. (2013). Recognizing plagiarism: A guide for academic professionals. Teaching Professor Blog.	Roig, M. (2015). Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Research Integrity.	Roig, M. (2015). Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Research Integrity.	Hirsch, L. R. (2013). Recognizing plagiarism: A guide for academic professionals. Teaching Professor Blog.
別名	conceptual plagiarism, idea theft, intellectual theft	patch-writing, patchwork plagiarism, incremental plagiarism	insufficient paraphrase, close paraphrase, lazy paraphrasing	similarity index, turnitin score, similarity percentage
関連	3	4	4	4
概要	Idea plagiarism, or conceptual plagiarism, occurs when an author takes another's ideas, arguments, theories, or conceptual frameworks and presents them as original work without crediting the source. Unlike verbatim or paraphrasing plagiarism (which involve copying language), idea plagiarism involves taking the intellectual content itself—the argument, theory, or framework—regardless of how it is worded. It is the hardest form of plagiarism to detect because it does not require word-for-word copying.	Mosaic plagiarism, also called patch-writing, occurs when an author mixes copied phrases and sentences from a source with original text, rearranges material from multiple sources, or interweaves paraphrased and verbatim passages without proper citation or quotation marks. It is difficult to detect because the copied portions are interspersed with original writing, creating a surface appearance of original work.	Paraphrasing plagiarism occurs when an author rewrites another's ideas in different words but does not cite the source. Unlike verbatim plagiarism (copying word-for-word), paraphrasing plagiarism involves changing vocabulary and sentence structure while retaining the original argument, logic, or conceptual content without attribution. It is harder to detect than direct copying but is still a clear violation of academic integrity.	A critical distinction exists between similarity percentages generated by plagiarism detection software (Turnitin, iThenticate) and an actual plagiarism verdict. A similarity index is a red flag requiring review; it is not a plagiarism determination. High similarity can result from legitimate quotations, references, shared technical language, or common knowledge. Conversely, low similarity does not guarantee absence of plagiarism. Human expert judgment is essential—similarity detection software provides data, not judgment.