手法を比較

	Household Disaster Preparedness Scale	Protective Action Decision Model
分野	Disaster Studies	Disaster Studies
系統	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2000	2012
提唱者	Michael K. Lindell & David J. Whitney	Michael K. Lindell & Ronald W. Perry
種類	Multi-item measurement scale of household preparedness behavior	Stage-based behavioral decision framework for protective action under threat
原典	Lindell, M. K., & Whitney, D. J. (2000). Correlates of Household Seismic Hazard Adjustment Adoption. Risk Analysis, 20(1), 13-26.	Lindell, M. K., & Perry, R. W. (2012). The Protective Action Decision Model: Theoretical Modifications and Additional Evidence. Risk Analysis, 32(4), 616-632.
別名	Disaster Preparedness Scale, Household Hazard Adjustment Scale, Preparedness Behavior Index	PADM, Protective Action Decision-Making Model, Warning Response Decision Model
関連	3	3
概要	A household disaster preparedness scale measures the extent to which households have adopted actions that reduce their vulnerability to hazards — what the disaster literature calls hazard adjustments. Grounded in Michael Lindell and David Whitney's work on the correlates of seismic hazard adjustment adoption and connected to the broader Protective Action Decision Model, the scale assembles a set of concrete preparedness items — structural measures, survival supplies, and planning actions — and scores how many a household has taken. Beyond producing a preparedness index, the method models what predicts adoption, and a central, robust finding is that households' perceptions of the attributes of each adjustment (its efficacy, cost, time, and difficulty) predict adoption more strongly than fear or risk perception alone. The scale thus serves both to quantify preparedness and to explain why some households prepare while others do not.	The Protective Action Decision Model (PADM), developed by Michael Lindell and Ronald Perry, is a multistage behavioral framework explaining how people at risk decide whether and how to protect themselves when warned of an environmental hazard. Synthesizing decades of disaster warning-response research, PADM traces a chain from environmental and social cues and warning messages, through predecisional processes of exposure, attention, and comprehension, to three core perceptions — of the threat, of the candidate protective actions, and of the social stakeholders involved. These perceptions drive a structured decision sequence — identifying the risk, assessing it, searching for and evaluating protective actions, and selecting a response — that, together with situational facilitators and impediments, determines the behavioral outcome. The 2012 statement refined the model and connected it to applications including risk communication design, hazard-adjustment adoption, and evacuation modeling.