手法を比較

	Handicap Quantification (CHART)	Disability Quality of Life Assessment
分野	Disability Studies	Disability Studies
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1992	2002
提唱者	Gale G. Whiteneck and colleagues (Craig Hospital)	Robert L. Schalock & Miguel Angel Verdugo; World Health Organization (ICF)
種類	Objective, behaviorally anchored measure of handicap at the participation level	Measurement methodology for quality of life in disability populations
原典	Whiteneck, G. G., Charlifue, S. W., Gerhart, K. A., Overholser, J. D., & Richardson, G. N. (1992). Quantifying handicap: a new measure of long-term rehabilitation outcomes. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 73(6), 519-526.	Schalock, R. L., & Verdugo, M. A. (2002). Handbook on Quality of Life for Human Service Practitioners. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation. ISBN: 9780940898776
別名	CHART, Craig Handicap Assessment, Handicap Outcome Measure, Participation-Level Handicap Scoring	QOL Measurement in Disability, Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment, Disability HRQOL Methodology, QOL-in-Disability Assessment
関連	3	3
概要	Handicap quantification is the approach to measuring long-term rehabilitation outcomes at the level of social roles and participation, implemented in the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique developed by Whiteneck and colleagues in 1992. Where earlier outcome measures captured impairment or disability — what is wrong with the body or what activities a person can perform — this method targets handicap in the sense of the World Health Organization's older ICIDH classification: the disadvantage a person experiences in fulfilling normal social roles. It operationalizes the ICIDH handicap dimensions of physical independence, mobility, occupation, social integration, and economic self-sufficiency into objective, behaviorally anchored indicators rather than subjective ratings. Each dimension is scored on a scale to 100, with 100 representing role performance equivalent to that of a person without disability, and the dimension scores are summed into a total. The instrument was designed specifically to detect outcomes that matter for community living, such as employment, mobility, and social contact, which lower-level measures miss.	Quality of life assessment in disability populations is the general methodology for measuring how well people with disabilities are living, encompassing both overall quality of life and health-related quality of life. Unlike a single instrument or model, it is a set of methodological commitments and decisions that researchers and practitioners must navigate whenever they attempt such measurement. Drawing on the quality-of-life science consolidated by Schalock and Verdugo and on the biopsychosocial framing of disability in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, the methodology distinguishes objective life conditions from subjective evaluation, weighs generic against condition-specific instruments, and confronts phenomena that are especially acute in disability populations. Chief among these are response shift, the tendency for a person's internal standards to change over time, and the disability paradox, in which people with serious impairments often report a good quality of life that observers would not predict. The methodology also insists on accessible administration and valid proxy reporting so that people who communicate differently are measured fairly rather than excluded.