手法を比較

	Handicap Quantification (CHART)	CHIEF Environmental Barriers
分野	Disability Studies	Disability Studies
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1992	2004
提唱者	Gale G. Whiteneck and colleagues (Craig Hospital)	Gale G. Whiteneck and colleagues (Craig Hospital)
種類	Objective, behaviorally anchored measure of handicap at the participation level	Self-report instrument quantifying environmental barriers by frequency and magnitude
原典	Whiteneck, G. G., Charlifue, S. W., Gerhart, K. A., Overholser, J. D., & Richardson, G. N. (1992). Quantifying handicap: a new measure of long-term rehabilitation outcomes. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 73(6), 519-526.	Whiteneck, G. G., Harrison-Felix, C. L., Mellick, D. C., Brooks, C. A., Charlifue, S. B., & Gerhart, K. A. (2004). Quantifying environmental factors: a measure of physical, attitudinal, service, productivity, and policy barriers. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(8), 1324-1335.
別名	CHART, Craig Handicap Assessment, Handicap Outcome Measure, Participation-Level Handicap Scoring	CHIEF, Craig Hospital Environmental Inventory, Frequency-Magnitude Barrier Scale, Environmental Factors Inventory
関連	3	3
概要	Handicap quantification is the approach to measuring long-term rehabilitation outcomes at the level of social roles and participation, implemented in the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique developed by Whiteneck and colleagues in 1992. Where earlier outcome measures captured impairment or disability — what is wrong with the body or what activities a person can perform — this method targets handicap in the sense of the World Health Organization's older ICIDH classification: the disadvantage a person experiences in fulfilling normal social roles. It operationalizes the ICIDH handicap dimensions of physical independence, mobility, occupation, social integration, and economic self-sufficiency into objective, behaviorally anchored indicators rather than subjective ratings. Each dimension is scored on a scale to 100, with 100 representing role performance equivalent to that of a person without disability, and the dimension scores are summed into a total. The instrument was designed specifically to detect outcomes that matter for community living, such as employment, mobility, and social contact, which lower-level measures miss.	The Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors, known as CHIEF, is a self-report instrument that quantifies the environmental barriers people with disabilities encounter in daily life. Developed by Whiteneck and colleagues in 2004, it operationalizes the environmental-factors component of the WHO ICF, which holds that disability arises from the interaction between a person and their surroundings rather than from impairment alone. CHIEF asks respondents about barriers across five domains — physical and structural, attitudinal and support, services and assistance, productivity, and policy — and for each potential barrier it captures two things: how often the barrier is encountered (frequency) and how big a problem it is when encountered (magnitude). The defining feature of the instrument is that these two ratings are multiplied into a frequency-by-magnitude product, so that a barrier counts for more if it is both common and serious. These products are averaged into domain scores and an overall score, giving a quantitative profile of the environmental obstacles a person faces.