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| 地下水汚染モデリング× | 重金属の化学種分析× | |
|---|---|---|
| 分野 | 環境工学 | 環境工学 |
| 系統 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 提唱年≠ | 1988 | 1979 |
| 提唱者≠ | USGS and hydrogeology researchers | Tessier and hydrogeochemists |
| 種類≠ | numerical simulation pipeline | analytical and geochemical modeling pipeline |
| 原典≠ | Fetter, C. W., Boving, T. B., & Kreamer, D. K. (2018). Contaminant Hydrogeology (3rd ed.). Waveland Press. ISBN: 978-1478625315 | Tessier, A., Campbell, P. G. C., & Bisson, M. (1979). Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Speciation of Particulate Trace Metals. Analytical Chemistry, 51(7), 844–851. DOI ↗ |
| 別名 | groundwater transport, contaminant plume modeling, subsurface flow and transport, GWHC modeling | metal speciation, metal partitioning, bioavailability assessment, speciation analysis |
| 関連 | 3 | 3 |
| 概要≠ | Groundwater contamination modeling is a quantitative approach to predict the migration of dissolved and suspended contaminants (chemical spills, landfill leachate, petroleum, radionuclides) through subsurface aquifers and toward receptors (drinking water wells, surface water bodies, ecosystems). Developed systematically in the 1980s–1990s by the USGS and hydrogeologists, these models couple flow equations (Darcy's law) with advection-dispersion transport and geochemical reactions to forecast contaminant arrival times and plume extent. | Heavy metal speciation is the analytical and geochemical determination of the chemical forms (species) and partitioning of toxic metals (lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, copper) in soil, sediment, and water. Metal bioavailability—the fraction accessible to organisms—depends critically on speciation: metal bound to soil organic matter or iron oxides is immobile and non-bioavailable; dissolved or exchangeable metal is highly bioavailable and toxic. Speciation assessment informs remediation design, risk assessment, and contaminant fate prediction. |
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