手法を比較

	Gravity Model of Trade	Input-Output Analysis
分野	経済学	経済学
系統	Regression model	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2003	1936
提唱者	Jan Tinbergen (empirical); Anderson & van Wincoop (structural)	Wassily Leontief
種類	Structural econometric model of bilateral trade flows	Linear inter-industry accounting and impact model
原典	Anderson, J. E., & van Wincoop, E. (2003). Gravity with gravitas: A solution to the border puzzle. American Economic Review, 93(1), 170–192.	Leontief, W. W. (1936). Quantitative input and output relations in the economic system of the United States. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 18(3), 105–125.
別名	Gravity Equation, Trade Gravity Model, Structural Gravity, Anderson-van Wincoop Model	Leontief Model, Inter-Industry Analysis, I-O Analysis, Input-Output Model
関連	2	4
概要	The gravity model of trade explains bilateral trade flows by analogy to Newton's law of gravitation: trade between two economies is proportional to their economic sizes and inversely related to the trade costs (such as distance) between them. First applied empirically by Jan Tinbergen in 1962 and given a rigorous theoretical foundation by Anderson and van Wincoop in 2003, the structural gravity model shows that trade depends not only on bilateral barriers but on those barriers relative to each country's overall, multilateral resistance to trade.	Input-output analysis is a quantitative framework for representing the interdependence between the industries of an economy, introduced by Wassily Leontief in 1936. It records the flows of goods and services between sectors in a transactions table, derives fixed technical coefficients describing how much each industry buys from every other industry per unit of output, and inverts the resulting linear system to trace how an exogenous change in final demand ripples through the entire production structure.