手法を比較

	グラビティ・アシスト（またはスイングバイ）マヌーバは、燃料を消費せずに惑星やその他の天体の重力場を利用して宇宙船の軌道と速度を変更する。	ランベルト問題（Lambert's Problem）による軌道決定
分野	応用物理学	応用物理学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1961	1761
提唱者	Michael Minovitch	Johann Heinrich Lambert
種類	Orbital maneuver technique	Orbital computation algorithm
原典	Minovitch, M. A. (1961). The determination and characteristics of ballistic interplanetary trajectories under the influence of multiple planetary gravitational fields. Technical Report 32-464, Jet Propulsion Laboratory.	Lambert, J. H. (1761). Acta Helvetica. Physico-Mathematico-Anatomico-Botanico-Medica.
別名	swing-by, gravitational slingshot	Lambert's problem, Lambert-Godstein trajectory problem
関連	4	4
概要	A gravity assist (or swing-by) maneuver uses the gravitational field of a planet or other celestial body to alter a spacecraft's trajectory and velocity without expending fuel. Discovered by Michael Minovitch at JPL in 1961, this technique is crucial for reaching distant planets economically. It works by exploiting the relative motion between the spacecraft, the assisting body, and the Sun.	Lambert's problem is a classical astrodynamics boundary-value problem that determines an orbit connecting two points in space given a transfer time. Formulated by Johann Heinrich Lambert in the 18th century, it is fundamental to trajectory design for interplanetary missions and spacecraft maneuvers. The solution provides the orbital elements and velocities needed to transition between two positions.