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	Spatial Gini Concentration Index	Location Quotient
分野	Human Geography	経済学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1991	1960
提唱者	Corrado Gini (coefficient); locational adaptation in regional science / economic geography	Developed in regional science; codified by Walter Isard
種類	Descriptive index of how unevenly an activity is distributed across space	Descriptive index of relative regional concentration
原典	Duncan, O. D., & Duncan, B. (1955). A methodological analysis of segregation indexes. American Sociological Review, 20(2), 210–217.	Isard, W. (1960). Methods of Regional Analysis: An Introduction to Regional Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262090032
別名	Locational Gini Coefficient, Spatial Gini Index, Geographic Concentration Index, Gini Index of Spatial Inequality	LQ, Coefficient of Localization, Regional Specialization Ratio
関連	4	3
概要	The spatial (or locational) Gini concentration index adapts the classic Gini coefficient to geography, summarizing in a single number between zero and one how unevenly an activity — an industry, a population group, a resource — is distributed across spatial units relative to a benchmark such as total population or land area. It is the workhorse measure for quantifying geographic concentration and agglomeration in economic geography.	The location quotient (LQ) is a simple descriptive index that measures how concentrated an industry is in a region relative to a larger reference area, usually the nation. It is the ratio of the industry's share of local employment (or output) to its share of national employment. An LQ above one means the region is more specialized in that industry than the nation as a whole; an LQ below one means it is under-represented.