手法を比較

	地質図作成	岩石学的分析
分野	地球科学	地球科学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1799	1858
提唱者	William Smith	Henry Clifton Sorby
種類	regional geological documentation pipeline	compositional characterization pipeline
原典	Compton, R. R. (1962). Manual of Field Geology. John Wiley & Sons.	Tucker, M. E. (2003). Sedimentary Rocks in the Field: A Color Guide (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
別名	field mapping, geological surveying, lithostratigraphic mapping	microscopy analysis, thin section analysis, modal composition determination
関連	4	5
概要	Geologic mapping is the systematic observation and documentation of rock types, structures, and relationships exposed on the land surface. Pioneered by William Smith in 1799, this foundational field method remains essential for understanding subsurface geology, economic geology, hazard assessment, and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Modern mapping integrates field observations with satellite imagery, digital logs, and GIS technology to create comprehensive three-dimensional geological frameworks.	Petrographic analysis is the microscopic examination of rock thin sections to determine mineral composition, grain size, texture, and diagenetic alteration. Pioneered by Sorby in 1858, this method remains the gold standard for understanding lithology and has evolved to include quantitative image analysis and cathodoluminescence. Petrographic data anchor well-log interpretation, validate seismic velocity models, and constrain paleoenvironmental and diagenetic histories.