手法を比較

	地理的プロファイリング	リスク地形モデリング
分野	フォレンジックス	フォレンジックス
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1994	2011
提唱者	David Canter	Joel Caplan
種類	Geographic and spatial analytics method	Geographic information systems and crime science method
原典	Canter, D. V., & Hammond, L. (1994). Picking up the pieces: The identification of glass sources in forensic enquiries. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 39(4), 1018-1034.	Caplan, J. M., Kennedy, L. W., & Miller, J. (2011). Risk terrain modeling: Brokering criminological theory and GIS methods for crime forecasting. Journal of Research and Practice in Criminal Justice, 17(1), 56-69.
別名	spatial crime analysis, crime hotspot mapping	environmental criminology, RTM analysis, crime risk mapping
関連	3	3
概要	Geographic profiling is a spatial analysis method used in forensic investigation to locate offenders based on the locations of their crimes. Developed by David Canter in 1994, it combines geostatistics, probability theory, and crime pattern analysis to identify high-probability crime origin zones. The method has been widely adopted in law enforcement agencies across North America and Europe.	Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) is a geospatial crime prediction method that identifies high-risk locations by analyzing environmental and geographic features that attract or facilitate crime. Developed by Joel Caplan, Lichen Kennedy, and James Miller in 2011, RTM bridges environmental criminology theory with geographic information systems (GIS) to create predictive risk maps. Unlike methods that predict offender location (e.g., geographic profiling), RTM predicts where crimes are likely to occur based on terrain characteristics, infrastructure, and social environmental factors.