手法を比較

	フォ一カル動物サンプリング	Microhabitat Preference Analysis
分野	獣医科学	獣医科学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1974	1970s–1980s (formalized)
提唱者	Jeanne Altmann	Multiple contributors (Morris, Manly, Johnson, and others)
種類	Behavioral Sampling Protocol	Quantitative observational method
原典	Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3-4), 227-267.	Morris, D. W. (1987). Ecological scale and habitat use. Ecology, 68(2), 362–369.
別名	FAS, focal sampling, behavior recording	habitat selection analysis, microhabitat use analysis, fine-scale habitat preference study, microhabitat utilization assessment
関連	3	1
概要	Focal Animal Sampling (FAS) is a systematic observational method in which an observer focuses on one individual animal at a time, recording its behavior continuously or at regular intervals for a fixed period. Introduced by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, FAS provides detailed, quantitative ethograms of individual behavior, making it essential for studying animal behavioral ecology, welfare, and responses to environmental changes.	Microhabitat Preference Analysis is a quantitative ecological method used to determine which fine-scale environmental features — such as vegetation structure, substrate type, temperature, or cover — animals actively select beyond what is randomly available to them. Widely applied in veterinary science, wildlife biology, and ethology, it compares the characteristics of locations an animal uses against those of randomly sampled available locations to infer habitat preference, avoidance, or random use.