手法を比較

	Floor Area Ratio Analysis	Urban Sprawl Measurement
分野	Urban Studies	Urban Studies
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1916	2014
提唱者	Zoning and planning practice (codified in mid-20th-century density regulation)	Reid Ewing & Shima Hamidi (building on Galster et al.)
種類	Ratio of total building floor area to plot/lot area	Composite index combining multiple dimensions of urban form into a sprawl/compactness score
原典	Ben-Joseph, E. (2005). The Code of the City: Standards and the Hidden Language of Place Making. MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262025744	Ewing, R., & Hamidi, S. (2015). Compactness versus sprawl: A review of recent evidence from the United States. Journal of Planning Literature, 30(4), 413–432.
別名	Plot Ratio Analysis, Floor Space Index, FAR Analysis, Building Bulk Ratio	Sprawl Index, Compactness Index of Sprawl, Ewing Sprawl Index, Composite Sprawl Measure
関連	4	4
概要	Floor area ratio (FAR), also called plot ratio or floor space index, is the ratio of a building's total floor area to the area of the lot it sits on, and it is the workhorse metric of zoning-based density control. A FAR of 2.0 means a building has twice as much floor space as its plot, achievable as a two-storey building covering the whole lot or a four-storey building covering half of it. Embedded in zoning codes since New York's 1916 ordinance and analysed in planning texts such as Ben-Joseph's study of urban codes, FAR analysis quantifies development intensity, sets buildable limits, and links regulation to the form and density of the built environment.	Urban sprawl measurement quantifies how compact or sprawling a metropolitan region is by combining several distinct dimensions of urban form into a single composite index. The dominant approach, developed by Reid Ewing, Shima Hamidi and colleagues, captures four factors — development density, land-use mix, activity centering, and street-network connectivity — and folds standardized indicators of each into one score, calibrated so the average region equals 100 and higher values mean greater compactness. Because sprawl is multidimensional, no single variable such as density adequately describes it, which is why the composite-index strategy has become the standard for comparing regions and linking form to outcomes.