手法を比較

	Family Reconstitution	Aggregative Parish Register Analysis
分野	Historical Demography	Historical Demography
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1956	1981
提唱者	Louis Henry and Michel Fleury; refined by E. A. Wrigley and R. S. Schofield (Cambridge Group)	E. A. Wrigley and R. S. Schofield (Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure)
種類	Nominative record-linkage and demographic estimation	Time-series compilation and demographic indexing
原典	Wrigley, E. A., Davies, R. S., Oeppen, J. E., & Schofield, R. S. (1997). English Population History from Family Reconstitution 1580-1837. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521590150	Wrigley, E. A., & Schofield, R. S. (1981). The Population History of England 1541-1871: A Reconstruction. Edward Arnold / Harvard University Press. ISBN: 9780674690073
別名	Parish register reconstitution, Nominative family linkage, Henry-Fleury method, Cambridge Group reconstitution	Parish register aggregation, Vital series analysis, Baptism-burial counting, Aggregative back-projection input
関連	4	4
概要	Family reconstitution is the nominative technique that rebuilds the demographic experience of historical communities by linking individual baptism, marriage and burial entries from parish registers into the reproductive and mortality histories of identifiable families. Developed by Louis Henry and Michel Fleury in 1950s France and brought to its fullest expression by the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure under Wrigley and Schofield, the method transforms an undifferentiated stream of vital events into Family Reconstitution Forms, each documenting a marriage, the births of children, and the deaths of family members. From these forms the analyst derives age-specific fertility, age at marriage, birth intervals, infant and child mortality, and adult survivorship. Because it works at the individual level it can isolate demographic behaviours—such as spacing or stopping—invisible to aggregate counts, making it the gold standard for pre-census population history.	Aggregative parish register analysis is the foundational technique of English historical demography, compiling the simple monthly and annual counts of baptisms, marriages and burials recorded in parish registers into continuous long-run series. Unlike family reconstitution, it does not identify individuals; it treats the registers as a barometer of the community's vital pulse. By assembling such counts from hundreds of parishes, Wrigley and Schofield built national series stretching back to 1538, the year English parochial registration began. From the relation between baptisms and burials one infers natural increase or decline; sharp spikes in burials betray mortality crises from famine or epidemic; the monthly distribution of events exposes the seasonality of marriage, conception and death. The method is comparatively economical, scalable across many parishes, and supplies the raw input series that inverse projection later transforms into full reconstructions of population size and structure.