手法を比較

	要因ランダム化比較試験（Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial）	適応的無作為化比較試験
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1926 (Fisher factorial foundations); 2000s–2010s (clinical factorial RCT formalization)	1980s–2000s (formalized; earlier sequential testing roots from Wald, 1947)
提唱者	R. A. Fisher (factorial design foundations); adapted into clinical trials via MOST framework (Collins et al., 2014)	Donald Berry and others; foundational adaptive trial methods developed through 1980s–2000s biostatistics literature
種類	Experimental trial design	Experimental design — adaptive variant of RCT
原典	Collins, L. M., Dziak, J. J., Kugler, K. C., & Trail, J. B. (2014). Factorial experiments: Efficient tools for evaluation of intervention components. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(4), 498–504.	Chow, S.-C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584887690
別名	Factorial RCT, factorial trial, multi-factor RCT, factorial experiment with randomization	Adaptive RCT, Response-adaptive RCT, Adaptive clinical trial, Platform trial
関連	6	6
概要	A factorial randomized controlled trial (factorial RCT) is an experimental design in which participants are randomly assigned to every possible combination of two or more independent factors (treatments or intervention components) simultaneously. This allows researchers to estimate the main effect of each factor and their interactions within a single, efficient trial, rather than running separate experiments for each factor.	An adaptive randomized controlled trial (adaptive RCT) is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow modifications to the trial while it is ongoing — such as changing allocation ratios, dropping underperforming arms, or stopping early for efficacy or futility — based on accumulating interim data. These adaptations are planned before the trial starts and governed by statistical rules to preserve Type I error control and validity.