手法を比較

	要因多腕試験	要因ランダム化比較試験（Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial）
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1926 (factorial basis); multi-arm factorial trials formalized 1980s–1990s	1926 (Fisher factorial foundations); 2000s–2010s (clinical factorial RCT formalization)
提唱者	R. A. Fisher (factorial foundations); multi-arm extension established in clinical trial methodology	R. A. Fisher (factorial design foundations); adapted into clinical trials via MOST framework (Collins et al., 2014)
種類	Experimental design	Experimental trial design
原典	Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments (9th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1119492443	Collins, L. M., Dziak, J. J., Kugler, K. C., & Trail, J. B. (2014). Factorial experiments: Efficient tools for evaluation of intervention components. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(4), 498–504.
別名	multi-arm factorial trial, factorial multi-arm trial, multi-arm factorial experiment, MAFT	Factorial RCT, factorial trial, multi-factor RCT, factorial experiment with randomization
関連	6	6
概要	A factorial multi-arm experiment simultaneously tests multiple factors (each at two or more levels) by assigning participants to distinct arms that represent unique combinations of those factors. This design efficiently estimates the independent main effects of each factor and their interactions, all within a single study — making it far more informative than running separate one-factor experiments.	A factorial randomized controlled trial (factorial RCT) is an experimental design in which participants are randomly assigned to every possible combination of two or more independent factors (treatments or intervention components) simultaneously. This allows researchers to estimate the main effect of each factor and their interactions within a single, efficient trial, rather than running separate experiments for each factor.