手法を比較

	要因多腕試験	適応型多腕試験
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1926 (factorial basis); multi-arm factorial trials formalized 1980s–1990s	2000s–2010s (MAMS framework formalized c. 2003–2011)
提唱者	R. A. Fisher (factorial foundations); multi-arm extension established in clinical trial methodology	Patrick Royston, Mahesh Parmar, and colleagues (multi-arm multi-stage framework); further developed by James Wason, Thomas Jaki and others
種類	Experimental design	Experimental design
原典	Montgomery, D. C. (2017). Design and Analysis of Experiments (9th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1119492443	Royston, P., Parmar, M. K. B., & Qian, W. (2003). Novel designs for multi-arm clinical trials with survival outcomes with an application in ovarian cancer. Statistics in Medicine, 22(14), 2239–2256.
別名	multi-arm factorial trial, factorial multi-arm trial, multi-arm factorial experiment, MAFT	MAMS design, multi-arm adaptive trial, adaptive platform trial, response-adaptive multi-arm experiment
関連	6	3
概要	A factorial multi-arm experiment simultaneously tests multiple factors (each at two or more levels) by assigning participants to distinct arms that represent unique combinations of those factors. This design efficiently estimates the independent main effects of each factor and their interactions, all within a single study — making it far more informative than running separate one-factor experiments.	An adaptive multi-arm experiment simultaneously evaluates several treatment conditions against a common control and modifies the trial in real time based on accumulating data — dropping ineffective arms early, reallocating participants toward promising ones, or adjusting sample sizes — all while controlling error rates. The approach maximizes information gained per participant and reduces the time and cost required to identify effective treatments relative to running sequential separate trials.