手法を比較

	要因統制群実験計画	ランダム化比較試験 (RCT)
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
提唱年	1926–1935	1948
提唱者	Ronald A. Fisher	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
種類	Experimental design	Interventional comparative study
原典	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
別名	factorial controlled experiment, factorial design with control, factorial RCT with control arm, multi-factor controlled experiment	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
関連	6	7
概要	A factorial control group experimental design crosses two or more independent variables (factors) in a fully factorial structure while including at least one condition that serves as a no-treatment or standard-treatment control. This allows researchers to simultaneously estimate the main effect of each factor, their interactions, and the size of those effects relative to a meaningful baseline, maximising both causal precision and experimental efficiency.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).