手法を比較

	要因統制群実験計画	要因ランダム化比較試験（Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial）
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1926–1935	1926 (Fisher factorial foundations); 2000s–2010s (clinical factorial RCT formalization)
提唱者	Ronald A. Fisher	R. A. Fisher (factorial design foundations); adapted into clinical trials via MOST framework (Collins et al., 2014)
種類	Experimental design	Experimental trial design
原典	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.	Collins, L. M., Dziak, J. J., Kugler, K. C., & Trail, J. B. (2014). Factorial experiments: Efficient tools for evaluation of intervention components. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(4), 498–504.
別名	factorial controlled experiment, factorial design with control, factorial RCT with control arm, multi-factor controlled experiment	Factorial RCT, factorial trial, multi-factor RCT, factorial experiment with randomization
関連	6	6
概要	A factorial control group experimental design crosses two or more independent variables (factors) in a fully factorial structure while including at least one condition that serves as a no-treatment or standard-treatment control. This allows researchers to simultaneously estimate the main effect of each factor, their interactions, and the size of those effects relative to a meaningful baseline, maximising both causal precision and experimental efficiency.	A factorial randomized controlled trial (factorial RCT) is an experimental design in which participants are randomly assigned to every possible combination of two or more independent factors (treatments or intervention components) simultaneously. This allows researchers to estimate the main effect of each factor and their interactions within a single, efficient trial, rather than running separate experiments for each factor.