手法を比較

	F統計量 (FST)	McDonald-Kreitmanテスト
分野	遺伝学	遺伝学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1951	1991
提唱者	Sewall Wright	James McDonald & Martin Kreitman
種類	Population differentiation measure	Hypothesis test
原典	Wright, S. (1951). The genetical structure of populations. Annals of Eugenics, 15(4), 323–354.	McDonald, J. H., & Kreitman, M. (1991). Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila. Nature, 351(6328), 652–654.
別名	FST, Wright's F-statistics, Population differentiation index	MK test, Positive selection test
関連	4	4
概要	F-statistics are a family of measures developed by Sewall Wright to quantify population genetic structure and the degree of genetic differentiation between populations. FST, the most widely used F-statistic, measures the proportion of total genetic variation attributable to differences between populations versus within populations. FST ranges from zero (no differentiation) to one (complete differentiation). These statistics have become fundamental tools for understanding population structure, detecting population admixture, and analyzing the evolutionary forces shaping genetic variation.	The McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test is a statistical method for detecting adaptive evolution by comparing ratios of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions within and between species. Developed by James McDonald and Martin Kreitman in 1991, this test exploits the key insight that neutral mutations accumulate at similar rates within and between species, while adaptive (nonsynonymous) substitutions should be enriched between species if they have been fixed by positive selection. The MK test has become a standard tool in molecular evolutionary biology for identifying genes under natural selection.