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| 環境影響評価× | 騒音マッピング× | |
|---|---|---|
| 分野 | 環境工学 | 環境工学 |
| 系統 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 提唱年≠ | 1970 | 1999 |
| 提唱者≠ | U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) | World Health Organization and ISO |
| 種類≠ | systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline | spatial assessment and modeling pipeline |
| 原典≠ | Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910 | International Organization for Standardization. (2008). ISO 13442:2008 Acoustics - Description, Measurement and Assessment of Environmental Noise in Relation to Human Exposure and Health. link ↗ |
| 別名 | EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment | noise assessment, acoustic mapping, sound level modeling, environmental noise |
| 関連≠ | 4 | 3 |
| 概要≠ | Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection. | Noise mapping is an environmental assessment methodology that quantifies and visualizes sound levels spatially across a study area, enabling identification of noise-exposed populations, compliance with regulatory standards, and design of mitigation measures. Standardized by the European Directive 2002/49/EC and ISO 13442, noise mapping combines acoustic measurements, traffic/industrial source modeling, and geographic information systems (GIS) to create contour maps of sound exposure and associated health impacts. |
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