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| 環境影響評価× | グリーンインフラストラクチャ設計× | |
|---|---|---|
| 分野 | 環境工学 | 環境工学 |
| 系統 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 提唱年≠ | 1970 | 2000 |
| 提唱者≠ | U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) | Urban planners and landscape architects |
| 種類≠ | systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline | integrated design and planning pipeline |
| 原典≠ | Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910 | Freeman, R. C. (2005). Green Infrastructure: Intelligent Landscapes for the Twenty-First Century. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415772662 |
| 別名 | EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment | GI design, natural infrastructure, nature-based solutions, ecosystem-based adaptation |
| 関連≠ | 4 | 3 |
| 概要≠ | Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection. | Green infrastructure (GI) design is the planning and implementation of natural or nature-based systems (vegetation, soils, water bodies) integrated into urban environments to provide multiple ecosystem services: stormwater management, air quality improvement, heat island mitigation, biodiversity habitat, recreation, and social well-being. Emerged in the 2000s as a sustainability paradigm, green infrastructure combines landscape design, hydrology, ecology, and urban planning to create multifunctional spaces that serve practical and aesthetic goals. |
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