手法を比較

	経験ベイズ	混合効果モデル
分野	ベイズ	統計学
系統	Bayesian methods	Regression model
提唱年	—	1982
提唱者	Herbert Robbins (1956); Bradley Efron & Carl Morris (1973)	Laird & Ware
種類	Empirical Bayes estimator	Mixed effects regression
原典	Robbins, H. (1956). An empirical Bayes approach to statistics. In J. Neyman (Ed.), Proceedings of the Third Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, Vol. 1 (pp. 157–164). University of California Press.	Laird, N. M., & Ware, J. H. (1982). Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics, 38(4), 963–974.
別名	EB, empirical Bayes estimation, marginal likelihood estimation, James-Stein shrinkage	LME, LMM, mixed model, random effects model
関連	4	4
概要	Empirical Bayes (EB) is an estimation strategy, introduced by Herbert Robbins in 1956 and developed into practical shrinkage estimators by Bradley Efron and Carl Morris in 1973, in which the hyperparameters of the prior distribution are estimated from the observed data via the marginal likelihood rather than specified in advance. The resulting posterior retains a Bayesian structure but substitutes data-driven hyperparameters for subjective ones, bridging frequentist shrinkage and full Bayesian inference.	A mixed effects model (or linear mixed model) extends ordinary regression by including both fixed effects — population-level parameters shared by all observations — and random effects that capture subject-, group-, or cluster-level variability. It is the standard tool for repeated-measures, longitudinal, and multilevel data where observations within the same unit are correlated.