手法を比較

	Emergy Analysis	エコロジカル・フットプリント会計	ライフサイクルアセスメント（LCA）
分野	持続可能性	持続可能性	持続可能性
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1996	1996	2009
提唱者	Howard T. Odum	Mathis Wackernagel & William Rees	ISO 14040 framework; Finnveden et al.
種類	Environmental systems accounting	Environmental accounting indicator	Environmental impact accounting pipeline
原典	Odum, H. T. (1996). Environmental Accounting: Emergy and Environmental Decision Making. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0-471-11442-0	Wackernagel, M., & Rees, W. (1996). Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth. New Society Publishers. ISBN: 978-0-86571-312-3	Finnveden, G., et al. (2009). Recent developments in life cycle assessment. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(1), 1–21.
別名	Embodied Energy Analysis, Environmental Accounting (Odum), Emergy Accounting, Emerji Analizi	EFA, Ecological Footprint Analysis, Biocapacity Accounting, Ekolojik Ayak İzi	Life Cycle Analysis, Cradle-to-Grave Analysis, Ecobalance, Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi
関連	3	2	3
概要	Emergy Analysis, developed by systems ecologist Howard T. Odum and formally presented in his 1996 book, is a biophysical accounting method that converts all inputs to a system — energy, materials, labor, and services — into a common unit of solar energy equivalents called solar emjoules (sej). By tracing how much prior environmental work was required to produce each input, it enables researchers, engineers, and policymakers to compare fundamentally different resource types on a single thermodynamic basis.	Ecological Footprint Accounting (EFA) is a resource accounting framework that measures how much biologically productive land and water area a human population requires to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it generates. Introduced by Mathis Wackernagel and William Rees in 1996, it compares human demand on nature against Earth's regenerative capacity, expressed in standardized global hectares (gha).	Life Cycle Assessment is a systematic, ISO-standardized methodology for quantifying the environmental impacts of a product, process, or service across its entire life span — from raw material extraction through production, use, and end-of-life disposal. Codified in ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, and comprehensively reviewed by Finnveden et al. (2009), LCA enables decision-makers to compare alternatives, identify environmental hotspots, and support eco-design, with applications spanning products, buildings, energy systems, and public policy.