手法を比較

	ELISA（Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay）	ラジオイムノアッセイ（RIA）
分野	獣医科学	獣医科学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1971	1959–1960
提唱者	Eva Engvall and Peter Perlmann; independent parallel development by Anton Schuurs and Bauke van Weemen	Rosalyn Yalow and Solomon Berson
種類	Quantitative immunoassay	Quantitative immunological assay
原典	Engvall, E., & Perlmann, P. (1971). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantitative assay of immunoglobulin G. Immunochemistry, 8(9), 871–874.	Yalow, R. S., & Berson, S. A. (1960). Immunoassay of endogenous plasma insulin in man. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 39(7), 1157–1175.
別名	enzyme immunoassay, EIA, solid-phase enzyme immunoassay, ELISA test	RIA, radioisotope immunoassay, isotope immunoassay, radioligand assay
関連	2	1
概要	ELISA is a plate-based immunoassay technique that detects and quantifies proteins, antibodies, antigens, hormones, and other analytes in biological samples. Widely used in veterinary science, medicine, and food safety, it exploits the specificity of antibody–antigen binding coupled to an enzyme-driven colorimetric signal to deliver sensitive, reproducible measurements across large sample batches.	Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a highly sensitive, quantitative laboratory technique that measures the concentration of a specific antigen — such as a hormone, drug, or pathogen-derived protein — in a biological sample by exploiting competitive binding between a radiolabelled antigen and the sample antigen for a limited supply of specific antibody. Developed in the late 1950s, RIA is widely used in veterinary science, endocrinology, pharmacology, and clinical diagnostics.