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	電気抵抗イメージング	Universal Soil Loss Equation
分野	地球物理学	地球物理学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1996	1978
提唱者	Loke and Barker	Waldo Wischmeier and Dwight Smith
種類	Active source resistivity mapping and subsurface imaging	Empirical soil erosion prediction model
原典	Loke, M. H., & Barker, R. D. (1996). Rapid least-squares inversion of apparent resistivity pseudosections by a quasi-Newton method. Geophysical Prospecting, 44(1), 131-152.	Wischmeier, W. H., & Smith, D. D. (1978). Predicting rainfall erosion losses: A guide to conservation planning. USDA Agricultural Handbook 537.
別名	ERT	USLE, Revised USLE
関連	3	3
概要	Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is an active-source geophysical method that maps the spatial distribution of electrical resistivity in the subsurface by injecting current between two electrodes and measuring potential differences across an array of receiver electrodes. Advanced as a practical technique by Loke and Barker in 1996, ERT has become standard for hydrogeological, environmental, and structural characterization due to its sensitivity to fluid saturation and salt content.	The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is an empirical model that estimates annual soil loss due to sheet and rill erosion on hillslopes caused by rainfall and runoff. Developed by Wischmeier and Smith in 1978 from decades of erosion plot experiments, USLE has become a standard tool for erosion risk assessment, conservation planning, and best management practice design. The Revised USLE (RUSLE) updated the original model with improved factor algorithms.