手法を比較

	渦相関法	バルク空力フラックス
分野	気象学	気象学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1951	1981
提唱者	Swinbank	Large and Pond
種類	Micrometeorological flux measurement	Surface flux estimation method
原典	Baldocchi, D. (2003). Assessing the eddy covariance technique for evaluating carbon dioxide fluxes of ecosystems: past, present and future. Global Change Biology, 9(4), 479-492.	Large, W. G., & Pond, S. (1981). Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 11(3), 324-336.
別名	Eddy covariance, EC flux, Eddy correlation, Direct flux measurement	Bulk aerodynamic approach, Bulk flux parametrization, Aerodynamic bulk method
関連	3	3
概要	The eddy covariance method is a direct, micrometeorological technique that measures turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat, water vapor, and CO2 by computing the covariance between high-frequency fluctuations of wind velocity and scalar properties (temperature, humidity, concentration). It is the gold standard for measuring ecosystem-atmosphere exchanges and validating model parameterizations.	The bulk aerodynamic method estimates surface energy and momentum fluxes from standard meteorological observations. Rather than measuring turbulent fluxes directly, it parameterizes them using measurements of wind speed, temperature, and moisture at a reference height (typically 10 m) and surface conditions, multiplied by empirically derived drag and transfer coefficients.