手法を比較

	Ecological Footprint Analysis	Environmentally Extended Input-Output Analysis
分野	Environmental Sociology	経済学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1996	1970
提唱者	Mathis Wackernagel & William E. Rees	Wassily Leontief
種類	Bioproductive-area accounting pipeline for human demand versus biocapacity	Input-output model augmented with environmental satellite accounts
原典	Wackernagel, M., & Rees, W. E. (1996). Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth. New Society Publishers. ISBN: 9780865713123	Leontief, W. (1970). Environmental repercussions and the economic structure: an input-output approach. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 52(3), 262–271.
別名	Ecological Footprint Accounting, Footprint-Biocapacity Accounting, Wackernagel-Rees Footprint, EF Analysis	EEIO, Environmental Input-Output Analysis, Pollution Input-Output Model, Footprint Input-Output Analysis
関連	4	4
概要	Ecological footprint analysis measures human demand on nature by translating the resources a population consumes and the wastes it generates into the area of biologically productive land and sea required to supply them. Introduced by Mathis Wackernagel and William Rees in their 1996 book Our Ecological Footprint, the method expresses both demand (the footprint) and supply (biocapacity) in a common unit, the global hectare, so that the two can be compared directly. When a population's footprint exceeds the biocapacity available to it, the difference is an ecological deficit, and at the planetary scale a persistent deficit signals overshoot of the biosphere's regenerative capacity. The 2002 analysis by Wackernagel and colleagues operationalized this accounting at the global level, estimating that humanity moved from using about 70 percent of the biosphere's capacity in 1961 to roughly 120 percent by the late 1990s. The carbon component, the area of forest needed to sequester fossil-fuel emissions, is typically the largest and fastest-growing share. Footprint analysis is thus a sustainability accounting tool that renders an abstract idea, living within ecological limits, into a single comparable balance sheet.	Environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) analysis appends satellite accounts of physical environmental flows — greenhouse-gas emissions, energy, water, land, and materials — to a monetary input-output table so that environmental burdens can be allocated through supply chains to the final demand that ultimately drives them. By multiplying direct environmental-intensity coefficients by the Leontief inverse, EEIO computes the total burden embodied in each unit of final demand, providing the standard framework for consumption-based carbon footprints and emissions embodied in trade.