手法を比較

	二重盲検事前事後実験計画	ランダム化比較試験 (RCT)
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
提唱年	Mid-20th century (combined form widely adopted 1960s onward)	1948
提唱者	Campbell & Stanley (formalized pretest-posttest design, 1963); double-blind blinding convention developed in clinical pharmacology (19th-20th century)	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
種類	True experimental design	Interventional comparative study
原典	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. In N. L. Gage (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Teaching (pp. 171-246). Rand McNally.	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
別名	DB-pretest-posttest design, double-blind pre-post design, masked pretest-posttest RCT, double-masked pre-post experiment	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
関連	5	7
概要	The double-blind pretest-posttest experimental design is a true experiment in which participants are randomly assigned to treatment and control conditions, outcome data are collected both before and after the intervention, and neither participants nor outcome assessors know which condition each participant received. Combining baseline measurement with strong blinding, the design controls for both pre-existing group differences and expectancy-driven bias, making it a gold-standard approach in clinical and behavioral research.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).