手法を比較

	Poverty Dominance Analysis	Foster-Greer-Thorbecke Index
分野	経済学	経済学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1987	1984
提唱者	Anthony Atkinson (1987); James Foster & Anthony Shorrocks (1988)	James Foster, Joel Greer & Erik Thorbecke
種類	Robust distributional ordering	Parametric class of poverty measures
原典	Atkinson, A. B. (1987). On the measurement of poverty. Econometrica, 55(4), 749–764.	Foster, J., Greer, J., & Thorbecke, E. (1984). A class of decomposable poverty measures. Econometrica, 52(3), 761–766.
別名	Stochastic Dominance Analysis, Poverty Orderings, TIP Curve Analysis, First- and Second-Order Poverty Dominance	FGT Index, FGT Poverty Measures, P-alpha Poverty Index, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke Poverty Measure
関連	3	4
概要	Poverty dominance analysis asks whether one distribution has unambiguously less poverty than another for a whole class of poverty measures and a whole range of poverty lines, rather than for a single index and a single line. Building on Anthony Atkinson's 1987 stochastic-dominance treatment of poverty and the Foster-Shorrocks 1988 poverty-orderings results, it compares cumulative distribution functions (poverty incidence curves) and their successive integrals (poverty deficit and severity curves). When the curve for one distribution lies everywhere below another, that distribution has less poverty for every measure in a corresponding class and every line in the range — a robust conclusion immune to the index-and-line arbitrariness that bedevils single-number comparisons.	The Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index is a parametric class of poverty measures introduced by James Foster, Joel Greer, and Erik Thorbecke in 1984 that became the workhorse of applied poverty analysis. A single parameter alpha tunes how much weight the measure places on the depth and distribution of poverty: alpha = 0 gives the headcount ratio (the share of people below the poverty line), alpha = 1 gives the poverty gap (the average normalized shortfall), and alpha = 2 gives poverty severity (which weights larger shortfalls more heavily). Its defining virtue is additive decomposability — total poverty is the population-weighted sum of subgroup poverty — which makes it ideal for profiling poverty across regions, sectors, and demographic groups.