手法を比較

	障害調整生存年 (DALY)	健康経済学におけるマルコフ連鎖モデル
分野	医療経済学	医療経済学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1990	1983
提唱者	Christopher J. L. Murray and Alan D. Lopez (World Health Organization / World Bank)	Beck & Pauker (medical decision analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital)
種類	Method	Method
原典	Murray, C. J., Lopez, A. D., & Jamison, D. T. (1994). The Global Burden of Disease in 1990: Summary Results, Sensitivity Analysis, and Future Directions. In C. J. Murray & A. D. Lopez (Eds.), Global Burden of Disease and Injury. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.	Beck, J. R., & Pauker, S. G. (1983). The Markov Process in Medical Prognosis. Medical Decision Making, 3(4), 419-458.
別名	DALY, global disease burden metric, burden of disease	Markov model, state transition model, cohort simulation
関連	5	5
概要	A DALY quantifies disease burden as the sum of years of life lost to premature death and years lived with disability. Developed by the World Health Organization and World Bank in 1990 as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, DALYs enable epidemiologists and public health planners to compare disease burden across populations, identify health priorities, and evaluate intervention impact. One DALY = one lost year of 'healthy' life; DALYs averted measure progress toward health goals.	A Markov model is a decision-analytic tool that simulates disease progression through defined health states over time, calculating cumulative costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) to enable cost-effectiveness analysis. Developed by Beck and Pauker in 1983, Markov models are now the standard framework for projecting long-term outcomes of health interventions, especially chronic diseases where patients transition between clinical states (treatment response, disease progression, remission, death). Used by health technology assessment bodies and pharmaceutical companies to predict intervention value beyond trial duration.