手法を比較

	Direct Standardization	生命表解析
分野	人口学	人口学
系統	Process / pipeline	Survival analysis
提唱年	2001	1984
提唱者	Classical demographic method (formalized by Preston, Heuveline & Guillot)	Demographic/actuarial tradition; Chiang
種類	Rate adjustment by reweighting to a standard population	Age-structured mortality estimator
原典	Preston, S. H., Heuveline, P., & Guillot, M. (2001). Demography: Measuring and Modeling Population Processes. Blackwell. ISBN: 9781557864512	Chiang, C. L. (1984). The Life Table and Its Applications. Robert E. Krieger Publishing. ISBN: 978-0-89874-565-2
別名	Directly standardized rate, Age-standardized rate, Direct method of standardization, Doğrudan Standardizasyon	Mortality Table, Actuarial Table, Survival Table, Yaşam Tablosu
関連	4	3
概要	Direct standardization is a demographic technique that makes summary rates comparable across populations by applying each population's group-specific rates — most often age-specific death or disease rates — to a single, common standard population structure. The resulting directly standardized rate answers a counterfactual question: what would the crude rate be if every population had the same age (or other) composition? It removes the confounding effect of differing population structure so that genuine differences in underlying risk can be compared on a level footing.	A life table is a systematic, age-structured summary of the mortality experience of a population. It traces a hypothetical cohort of births — conventionally 100,000 — through successive age intervals, recording how many survive, how many die, and how many person-years are lived at each interval. The method was formalized in its modern probabilistic form by Chiang (1984), synthesizing centuries of actuarial and demographic practice into a rigorous statistical framework applicable to human and biological populations alike.