手法を比較

	方言計量学	グロットクロノロジー（Glottochronology）
分野	言語学	言語学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1973	1950
提唱者	Jean Seguy	Morris Swadesh
種類	Empirical process pipeline	Empirical process pipeline
原典	Seguy, J. (1973). La dialectométrie dans l'étude de l'espace linguistique. Revue de Linguistique Romane, 37, 1-24.	Swadesh, M. (1950). Salish internal relationships. International Journal of American Linguistics, 16(3), 157-167.
別名	Linguistic Distance Measurement, Quantitative Dialect Analysis	Lexicostatistics, Glottochronological Dating
関連	1	2
概要	Dialectometry is a quantitative method for measuring linguistic distances between dialects or languages using objective metrics applied to phonological, lexical, or phonetic data. Pioneered by Jean Seguy in 1973, dialectometry compares word lists, pronunciations, or phonetic transcriptions across speech varieties to calculate similarity scores. The resulting distance matrices and dendrograms reveal patterns of dialect relatedness and geographic or social clustering. This method complements traditional dialectology and contributes to historical linguistics and sociolinguistics.	Glottochronology, or lexicostatistics, is a quantitative method in historical linguistics that estimates the time of divergence between related languages based on the proportion of shared cognates in their basic vocabularies. Developed by Morris Swadesh in 1950, the method assumes that core vocabulary items change at a relatively constant rate over time, allowing linguists to calculate a 'time depth'—how long ago two languages shared a common ancestor. Though controversial due to its restrictive assumptions, glottochronology provides rough temporal estimates when archaeological or written records are unavailable.