手法を比較

	逸脱事例サンプリング	最大多様性サンプリング
分野	調査方法論	調査方法論
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1990	1985 (Lincoln & Guba); elaborated 1990–2002 (Patton)
提唱者	Michael Quinn Patton	Lincoln & Guba; systematised by Michael Quinn Patton
種類	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
原典	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling. ISBN: 978-0761919711
別名	extreme case sampling, outlier sampling, negative case sampling, deviant-case selection	maximum variation sampling, maximum diversity sampling, MVS, heterogeneous sampling
関連	5	5
概要	Deviant case sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher intentionally selects cases that are unusual, exceptional, or markedly different from the norm — outliers, extreme successes, or conspicuous failures. The goal is not statistical representation but deep learning from cases that illuminate the boundaries of a phenomenon, challenge prevailing assumptions, or reveal processes that typical cases obscure.	Maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that span the widest possible range of variation on dimensions central to the study. The goal is not statistical representation but the identification of common patterns that cut across diverse cases as well as the documentation of the unique ways each context shapes the phenomenon under investigation.